Preparando a Instalação

$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt install apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl gnupg2 software-properties-common -y

Instalando o Docker-ce no Debian

$ curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/debian/gpg | sudo apt-key add -
$ sudo add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/debian $(lsb_release -cs) stable"
$ sudo apt update
$ apt-cache policy docker-ce 
$ sudo apt install docker-ce -y
$ docker

Instalando o Docker-ce no Ubuntu

$ curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -
$ sudo add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable"
$ sudo apt update
$ apt-cache policy docker-ce
$ sudo apt install docker-ce -y
$ docker

Bash

#!/bin/bash

if [ "$1" = "" ]; then
    echo "Help - running this bash file"
    echo "Sintaxe:"
    echo -e "  bash ./install.sh [ubuntu or debian]\n"
    exit
fi

apt update
apt install apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl gnupg2 software-properties-common -y

curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/$1/gpg | sudo apt-key add -
sudo add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/$1 $(lsb_release -cs) stable"
sudo apt update
apt-cache policy docker-ce
sudo apt install docker-ce -y
docker